巫 山 云 客
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Contrast coding
Assigning numerical values to categorical (factor) variables is called contrast coding. This need arises when we want to estimate the difference in the dependent variable among different conditions of an independent variable. In other words, we use contrast coding to instruct the Bayesian model to compare the conditional means between different conditions or bundles of…
Bayesian Hierarchical Model
Data is often grouped by similarities that arise from repeated measurements for each subject or experimental item. This structure can be represented as hierarchies. This type of model is known as a hierarchical model, multi-level model, mixed model, or partial pooling model. Exchangeability The Bayesian hierarchical model is based on the assumption of exchangeability. This…
Three linear regression models – the Bayesian way
Regression tells us how the dependent (the output) variable responds to changes in independent variables that can be categorical, ordinal or continuous. In following sections, I show how three linear models can be defined by Bayesian statistics while the dependent variable follows different likelihood functions. Although the formulae are linear, the relationship between dependent and…
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